Globalized Resistance: Islamic Republic of Iran, Opportunities & Strategies

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Dep. political science & IR, Faculty of Economics & Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the central features of the contemporary world is the quantitative and qualitative expansion of transnational resistance movements to the growing expansion of global capitalism. Despite the fact that there are considerable studies of this field, a major part of the literature has so far ignored the spatial aspects of such actions. Due to eliminate this theoretical shortcoming, the present study re-read how global resistance is formed from a spatial-network perspective, although it also paid particular attention to the practical impacts that this theoretical viewpoint may make on the policy making and devising strategy processes of Islamic republic of Iran. The study, inspired by the spatial turn approach, began with the main question of how the geography of resistance evolves in the age of global capitalist domination, and followed by discussions about a wide range of related issues. The examined hypothesis in this paper was, the geography of resistance is the production of articulating and linking dispersed networks of resistance by the actors which are themselves networked in nature as well. This paper concluded that a spatial understanding of the mechanism of articulation and formation of global resistance, in addition to the theoretical deepening of the field of political research, can pave the way for the development of practical and effective strategies to exploit the existing and revolutionary potential of global resistance, and ultimately open much wider possibility for the agents and statesmen of the Islamic Republic of Iran to shape continuous resistance to the domination of global capitalism.

Keywords

References

- افتخاری، اصغر و راجی، محمد هادی (1398)، تحلیل صدور انقلاب اسلامی مبتنی بر بازاریابی سیاسی کنش مبناء، فصلنامه پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی، سال 9، شماره 31، صص 77-47.
2- باقری دولت آبادی، علی و فخرایی، حسین (1396)، آسیب­شناسی صدور انقلاب اسلامی ایران به اروپا بر اساس نظریۀ گفتمان، دوفصلنامه سیاست وروابط بین­الملل، سال 1، شماره 2، صص 91-63.
3- پروانه، محمود (1388)، صدور انقلاب؛ به مثابه نقشه راه جهان­گرایی در اندیشه امام خمینی (ره)، فصلنامه دین و سیاست، شماره 20-19، صص 83-171.
4- جاودانی مقدم، مهدی (1388)، نقش و جایگاه گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی در سیاست بین­الملل، رهیافتا نقلاب اسلامی، سال 3، شماره 8، صص 86-61.
5- خانی آرانی، الهه و برزگر، ابراهیم (1390)، بازتاب انقلاب اسلامی ایران بر اروپای غربی، فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی، سال 8­، شماره 26، صص 52-125.
6- عراقی، غلامرضا (1394)، نقش دیپلماسی فرهنگی در صدور انقلاب اسلامی، فصلنامه پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی، سال 4، شماره 14، صص 79-157.
7- قهرمانی نژاد شایق، بهاالدین و بلباسی، میثم (1396)، انقلاب اسلامی به مثابۀ هویت جدید در عصر غلبه غرب و شرق، فصلنامه پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی، سال 6، شماره 20، صص 95-173.
لاتین
8. Amin, A. (2002), ‘Spatialities of Globalisation’, Environment and Planning A, 34/3: 385-99.
9. Axford, B. (2013), Theories of Globalization (Cambridge: Polity Press). Baaz, M. et al. (2016), ‘Defining and Analyzing Resistance: Possible Entrances to the Study of Subversive Practices’, Alternatives, 41/3: 137-53.
10. Brenner, N. (2011), ‘Critical Sociospatial Theory and the Geographies of Uneven Spatial Development­’, in A. Leyshon et al. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Economic Geography (London: Sage), 135-48.
11. Castells, M. (2004), ‘Informationalism, Networks, and the Network Society: A Theoretical Blueprint’, in M. Castells (ed.), The Network Society: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar), 3-45.
12. Castells, M. (2011), ‘A Network Theory of Power’, International Journal of Communication, 5: 773-87.
13. Castells, M. (2015), Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Polity Press).
14. Faulconbridge, J. R. and Beaverstock, J. V. (2009), ‘Globalization: Interconnected Worlds’, in N. J. Clifford et al. (eds.), Key Concepts in Geography,2nd edn.(London: Sage), 331-43.
15. Foucault, M. (1980), Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, edited by C. Gordon, translated by C. Gordon et al. (New York: Pantheon Books).
16. Hardt, M. and Negri, N. (2000), Empire (Massachusetts: Harvard University Press).
17. Harvey, D. (2001), ‘Globalization and the Spatial Fix’, Geographische Revue, 3/2: 23-30.
18. Held, D. et al. (1999), Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity Press).
19. Jameson, F. (1991), Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (London: Verso).
20. Juris, J. S. (2004), ‘Networked Social Movements: Global Movements for Global Justice’, in M. Castells (ed.), The Network Society: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar), 341-62.
21. Law, J. (1992), ‘Notes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy, and Heterogeneity’, Systems Practice, 5/4: 379-93.
22. Lefebvre, H. (1976), The Survival of Capitalism: Reproduction of the Relations of Production, translated by F. Bryant(New York: St Martin's Press).
23. Miller, B. (2013), ‘Spatialities of Mobilization: Building and Breaking Relationships’, in W. Nicholls et al. (eds.), Spaces of Contention: Spatialities and Social Movements (London: Routledge), 285-98.
24. Murdoch, J. (2006), Post-Structuralist Geography: A Guide to Relational Space (London: Sage).
25. Murray, W. E. (2006), Geographies of Globalization (London: Routledge).
26. Peet, R. et al. (2011), ‘Making Sense of Globalization: Hegemonic and Counter-Hegemonic Geographies­’, in A. Leyshon et al. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Economic Geography (London: Sage), 75-88.
27. Routledge, P. (1997), ‘Space, Mobility, and Collective Action: India's Naxalite Movement’, Environment and Planning A, 29/12: 2165-89.
28. Routledge, P. (2003), ‘Anti-Geopolitics’, in J. Agnew et al. (eds.), A Companion to Political Geography (Oxford: Blackwell), 236-48.
29. Routledge, P. (2008), ‘Transnational Political Movements’, in K. R. Cox et al. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Political Geography (London: Sage), 335-49.
30. Routledge, P. (2009), ‘Transnational Resistance: Global Justice Networks and Spaces of Convergence’, Geography Compass, 3/5: 1881-901.
31. Soja, E. W. (2009), ‘Resistance after the Spatial Turn’, in J. Pugh (ed.), What is Radical Politics Today (New York: Palgrave Macmillan), 69-74.
32. Sparke, M. (2013), Introducing Globalization: Ties, Tensions, and Uneven Integration (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell).
33. Urry, J. (2003), Global Complexity (Cambridge: Polity Press).
34. Urry, J. (2005), ‘The Complexities of the Global’, Theory, Culture & Society, 22/5: 235-54.
35. Warf, B. (2008), Time-Space Compression: Historical Geographies (London: Routledge).
36. Warf, B. (2009), ‘From Surfaces to Networks’, in B. Warf and S. Arias (eds.), The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (London: Routledge), 59-76.
 
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics