The mystical, ethical Sociological thoughts of Attar in Mantiq ut-Tayr

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Education, Tajik State Pedagogical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.

Abstract

Restricted references and documents related to Attar,s life, existence of multiple Attars, Attar independence from the kings courts, unavailability of critical editions of his works, and studying his life based on the works that are not now imputed to Attar are among the major reasons of these ambiguities. However it can be accepted that his name is Mohammad and his cognomen is Abu Humid and his pen-name is Farid ud-Din. He was born Near 540 AH in Kadkan village of Neishabur that is now regarded as a part of Torbat Heidarieh City, and died in 618 AH in Neishabur. There are exaggerative words about the number of Attar works. But the works that undeniably belong to Attar include four Masnavies namely, Asrar-Nama, Ilahi- Nama, Musibat- Nama, Mantiq ut-Tayr, Odes and Sonnets Diwan, Mukhtar- Nama that includes his best Quatrains, and Tadhkirat ul-Awliya that is his only prose. Among these works, his four Masnavies have a particular importance for the Iranian mysticism, and it can be stated that Mantiq ut-Tayr is the most famous and deepest one. This Masnavi has talked about conduct steps, i.e. seven valleys. This paper studies mystical thoughts of Attar in Mantiq ut-Tayr.

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